What is a barium enema?

A barium enema is an x-ray examination of the large intestine, or gut. As the bowel is made from soft tissue, it is not usually seen on an x-ray. However, by using a barium enema and air, the tube-like structure of the bowel can be shown on x-ray. The air inflates the bowel wall and the barium coats the inside layer of the bowel, so the loops of bowel can be seen more clearly. After barium is administered into the bowel through the rectum, the radiologist watches an x-ray TV monitor and takes x-ray pictures as the barium and air fill the bowel.

Why is this test done?
Your doctor may have suggested this test for several reasons: irregularity of bowel motions; bleeding from the bowel and/ or lower abdominal pain.

			Pre Examination
	Please phone us to make an appointment for your barium enema examination. It is essential that the bowel is empty for this examination so you will be given a laxative to use prior your appointment. If you have any queries about this preparation, please don't hesitate to call or phone us for advice or reassurance.The examination takes between 40 and 60 minutes and, at the start, you will be asked to undress and put on a gown like a big T-shirt. Please let us know prior to this test if you are, or think you may be, pregnant.

			The Examination
	To introduce the barium and air into your bowel, a small lubricated plastic tube will be inserted into your rectum by the radiologist or radiographer. This can be a little uncomfortable and, if you find it hurts, please tell us. The radiologist will slowly trickle barium into the tube and then a small amount of air will be introduced. He or she will ask you to hold your breath while each image is taken, and for you to move into different positions on the x-ray table to enable the bowel to be seen more clearly. The radiologist may give you a small injection in your arm during the examination. This temporarily stops the peristalsis (muscle movement) of the bowel so he or she can take the x-rays. Occasionally the injection causes temporary blurred vision for a few minutes. After the examination, if you feel your vision is still blurred, please wait until your eyes are clear before you drive your car. You are advised to sit in the waiting room until you feel your sight is clear. After the radiologist has seen your x-rays and the test is completed, you can go to the toilet to pass the barium and air that has been introduced. Sometimes, as the injection wears off, you may get a little discomfort or cramping. If you do feel uncomfortable, returning to the toilet or walking around may help. Barium is a chalky substance that can be suspended in water and is visible on x-rays. It is very safe to ingest, but you should be aware that it may cause mild constipation. Drinking water and eating a fibre-rich diet over the next few days may assist.

			Post Examination
	Your x-ray images will be sent to you or your doctor with a copy of the radiologist's interpretation of the study.You will notice the barium in your bowel motions for the next few days and the barium may be difficult to flush down the toilet.